Source : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Iatromathematician \I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian\, n. [Gr. ?
   physician + E. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.)
   One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of
   the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics
   and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager
   student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.